으뜸 남자 재가 신자들의 생애

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These sources detail the lives and spiritual accomplishments of prominent male lay disciples of Buddha Gotama, highlighting how their ancient aspirations were fulfilled in their final existences. Figures like Anāthapiṇḍika and Citta are celebrated for their unparalleled generosity and mastery of the Dhamma, respectively, with Citta reaching the high stage of a Non-returner. The texts describe various foremost titles bestowed by the Buddha, such as Tapussa and Bhallika being the first to take refuge, and Hatthaka Āḷavaka excelling in kindness. Ugga and Uggata are noted for their extraordinary qualities, including the selfless act of relinquishing their wives to new marriages after attaining spiritual milestones. Collectively, the narratives emphasize that steadfast faith, virtuous conduct, and liberal giving lead to profound wisdom and fortunate rebirths. This hagiographic overview serves to illustrate the diverse paths to awakening available to those living outside the monastic order.