IV. The Ten Thūpas
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Following the Buddha’s Mahāparinibbāna, his bodily remains were divided into eight portions among various tribes and kings. This chapter describes the subsequent construction of ten primary Thūpas—eight over the relics, one over the urn used for distribution, and one over the remaining embers. These original Thūpas became the most sacred sites in India, drawing pilgrims and Arahats who sought to honor the Buddha’s physical legacy.